Breakthrough bleeding is unexpected vaginal bleeding or spotting that occurs between menstrual periods or while using hormonal contraception (such as birth control pills, implants, injections, hormonal IUDs, or patches).
Common causes
Starting a new hormonal contraceptive (especially during the first 3–6 months)
Missing birth control pills or taking them inconsistently
Low-dose estrogen contraceptives
Hormonal fluctuations
Stress
Pregnancy (including early pregnancy complications)
Infections of the cervix or uterus
Conditions such as polyps, fibroids, or, less commonly, cancer
What it looks like
Light spotting (pink, red, or brown discharge)
Bleeding lighter than a normal period
Occurs unexpectedly between regular periods
When to seek medical advice
Contact a healthcare professional if:
The bleeding is heavy (soaking pads/tampons)
It lasts more than a few months while on contraception
You have pelvic pain, fever, dizziness, or unusual discharge
You might be pregnant
You are postmenopausal and experience any vaginal bleeding
