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Oligohydramnios is a pregnancy condition characterized by an abnormally low volume of amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus. Amniotic fluid is essential for protecting the baby, regulating temperature, and aiding the development of the musculoskeletal, respiratory, and digestive systems.Doctors usually diagnose this condition via an ultrasound using two primary metrics: an Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) of less than 5 cm, or a Single Deepest Pocket (SDP) / Maximum Vertical Pocket (MVP) of less than 2 cm.The severity and impact of the complications largely depend on the specific trimester in which the condition develops.
Complications in the First Half of Pregnancy (Trimesters 1 and 2)When oligohydramnios occurs early in pregnancy, it is often more severe and can significantly disrupt early organ development.Pulmonary Hypoplasia: The baby's lungs fail to mature completely because breathing in amniotic fluid is required to expand and develop lung tissue.Fetal Compression Syndrome (Potter Sequence): The lack of a fluid cushion causes the uterine walls to compress the fetus directly. This leads to facial flattening, low-set ears, and limb contractures or deformities.
